Showing posts with label Futurism. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Futurism. Show all posts

Thursday, November 5, 2026

a gruesome green with splodges of pulsating purple

Cubist Wife puzzle
Above
Beginning in 1913, when Cubism, Futurism and Vorticism (styles of so-called Modern Art) were introduced to the American public by the famous Armory Show, and continuing through World War I, it was common for cartoon puzzles like this to appear in American newspapers. 

The title of this one is A Cubist Wife. Initially, it was published as a puzzling arrangement of lines (with the black shapes not filled in). Provided with the title, readers were challenged to blacken shapes in such a way as to create a portrait of a "cubist wife." The result (as shown here) was then published in the newspaper a week later. There were endless variations on this (Cubist roosters, cows, donkeys and so on). Vorticism (sardonically discussed below) was essentially a wartime British variant of Cubism. Throughout the war, it was widely claimed that camouflage (particularly dazzle ship camouflage) had been designed by Cubists, Vorticists or others who had been excessively drinking.

•••

CUBIST PHOTOGRAPHY, signed "The Walrus" in Punch (Melbourne), April 19, 1917, p. 3—

I have done my best to get a grip of the Cubist idea, but my success has been indifferent. I once saw a capital photograph of some eggs. It was a straightforward, realistic rendering of their beautiful form, with the dainty lights and shades, and cast shadows and reflected lights. It was not a great creative work, and inspired, perhaps, no loftier an idea than a hankering after omelettes, but the producer of that photograph evidently saw eggs as I see them, and so tickled my vanity. But along comes your cubist, and we find that when he looks at a cream-colored hen's egg—or, perhaps, to escape the assaults of the literary purists, I had better say a hen's cream-colored egg—he (that is, the Cubist) sees a grossly irregular duodecagon, and the color thereof is a gruesome green with splodges of pulsating purple. I do not deny that he does see exactly that. Probably he does. But tho best thing for him to do is not to make a song about it. but to push off sharp for the nearest brain specialist.

If the Vorticist photographer produces an egg—of course, in the pictorial sense only—it will probably resemble a farthing Catherine wheel just expiring on a bent pin; and after a year or two of mental effort he may evolve a poetical tag to attach to it :

A vision of a shattered albumenized yolk.
Of late the inmate of a high-explosive shell.


Indirectly, this appearance of Cubist, and Vorticist, and Post-Impressionist symptoms in photographs proves that photography is Art. The question as to whether it is or not has caused sackfuls of trouble in the past, but this settles it. If photography is not Art, how can it catch horrible diseases that attack Art, and Art only? Another puzzle is solved at the same time. I have often stood in front of exhibited prints and wondered what on earth was the matter either with them or with me; I can see now that they had symptoms of Vorticism, or that they were convalescent after a bad bout of Cubism. It will save much misunderstanding at future exhibitions if those prints from anything of the sort are labeled accordingly.

Friday, April 3, 2026

oddly festooned cubist quilts / dazzling pictorial archive

THE BRADFORD ERA
(Bradford PA), April 5, 1918, p. 2—

The stanchest upholders of the academic in art can scarcely carry their opposition to cubism into its new field as a basis for ship camouflage. It has been evident, for some time, to people living near Atlantic ports, that cubism had been pitched upon as the most valuable system of reducing the visibility of ocean liners. The seemingly systemless way in which greens, blues, grays, and pinks are painted on in bands and blocks of color has quite puzzled persons who have gained close views of these ships; but at a distance of a mile, another story is told, for the various masses of color set up a curious and disconcerting dazzling effect. Painting with gray has been largely superseded by the new method, which escapes the silhouette effect that too often betrayed the gray ships.

a cubist romance / 'mong the cubes i'd love to ramble

Above
 Cubism predated WWI French Army camouflage, more or less. This still image is from Rigadin painter cubist [Rigadin the Cubist Painter] a film by Georges Monca (1912), Pathé. See online detail. 

•••

All Aboard, a musical comedy that opened June 5, 1913 at Lew Fields' 44th Street Roof Garden in New York, as reviewed in The Sun, July 27, 1913, p. 12—

It is Ralph Riggs and his wife Katherine Witchie, who do the Cubist dance. The scene is in a studio of a Cubist and a Futurist painter and the lyrics of the song are as follows:

Said the Futurist boy to the Cubist girl

As they met on a poster blue:

"I don't know who the dickens I am—

and who in the deuce are you?"

Said the Cubist girl to the Futurist boy:

"We both were born, I think,

On a dark and dismal night last week

When the cat tipped over the ink."

Said the girl, "You must agree

We're awful sights to see."

Said the boy, "You seem to be

The girl that's made for me."

CHORUS

Oh, you Cubist girl, in cubes that curl

You little, wiggy-waggy, riggy-raggy,

ziggy-zaggy maid—

Picture puzzle queen,

From what I've seen

I think my style will suit you.

In the future when I'm painted

in every shade, like a crazy quilt,

although you're built,

to find you in the scramble

'Mong the cubes I'd love to ramble

A while some future day you'll be

My jumble ju-ju bee

My riggy-raggy,

Ziggy-zaggy,

Cubist girl.

Monday, March 16, 2026

marvelous designs and colors calculated to confuse

Above
Just when we think we've found everything, suddenly something new appears. The images above and below were made by British artist Frank H. Mason as illustrations for Stephen King-Hall, The Diary of a U-boat Commander. London: Hutchinson and Company, 1920. I have no idea of the book's veracity; in one library record, for example, it is classified as "fiction."

•••

Kaleidoscope of Ships: Camouflage in Eastern Harbors Look Like Futurist Nightmare in Journal and Tribune (Knoxville TN), March 8, 1918—

If some ancient mariner were to return to one of our eastern ports these days he would think the shipping world had gone mad. The submarine has called forth the camouflage artist, and the camouflage artist has painted our trans-Atlantic vessels with bizarre designs in all colors of the rainbow.

Imaginative writers used to dwell on the kaleidoscope of shipping in great harbors like New York. The term is thoroughly applicable today, for our harbors are as colorful as operatic pageants. Half of some great ship will be painted a delicate baby blue and the other half will be an arrangement in great circles and stripes and bands in black, green, yellow and pink. Another vessel will appear dressed in a succession of waving colors ranging from pink to purple. A steamship no longer resembles a steamship. It looks like a futurist nightmare.

There are two rival schools of marine camouflage. One works on the theory of low visibility and the other one strives for what is called the dazzle effect. The low visibility camoufleurs paint the ships in waving lines with the basic light ray tones—reds and greens and violets—with the idea of having the vessels merge with the atmosphere and disappear. The dazzle school goes in for a system of marvelous designs and colors calculated to confuse the aim of enemy gunners.

Even our battle ships have succumbed to the lure of strange pigmentation. The sober "fighting gray" battle ship color is a thing of the past. Our fighting craft go to their grim business in the war zone made up like [the] Russian ballet.—Independent.

Friday, November 28, 2025

before camouflage / modernists denigrated as crazy

Above
Full-page article on Futurism in The Sun (New York), February 25, 1912.

•••

WAY TO TREAT THEM in The Stanstead Journal (Stanstead, Quebec), March 25, 1926—

"The way to treat cubism and dadaism and surrealism and all the other catch-penny fads is to laugh at them," sald [Guy] Pene du Bois [1884-1958], the art critic, at a dinner in New York.

"A super-realistic painter was giving an exhibition. He buttonholed a well-dressed chap—a good prospect, as they say in the business world—and led him up to a picture and began:

"'This will show you, old man, the thing I'm after. We super-realists, you see, strive for the purgation of the superfluous, we paint esoterically and not exotically, portraying nothing but the aura or inner urge. Do you follow me?'

"'Follow you?' said the prospect. 'Gosh, I'm ahead of you. I came out of the bug house last Monday.'"

Monday, November 24, 2025

will shoe makers soon decree that shoes be dissimilar

Above
Giacomo Balla, Sketches for Futurist clothing (1914). See Caroline Galambosova, How Italian Futurism Influenced Fashion (2025).

•••

Anon, SHOES DIFFER IN COLOR from The Davenport Democrat and Leader (Davenport IA) on March 1, 1925, p. 3—

Futurism, cubism or some other art complex has descended upon French custom boot makers, who insist that they set the styles in women's shoes for the world. These boot makers all are of one mind in turning out symmetrical footwear. The first models of this year styles were shown, a few weeks ago. They seemed freakish, but the boot makers have carried their original ideas further until now one side of a shoe Is quite different, not only in design, but in color, from the other side. Humorists are speculating whether the makers will not soon decree that right and left shoes be entirely dissimilar.

Sunday, November 23, 2025

how to be a futurist —and the birth of modernist snow

Above
A British satirical cartoon about Futurism, published in 1912, one year in advance of the American Armory Show (first US exhibit of Modern Art), and two years before the formation (by the French Army) of a wartime camouflage section. Disruptive camouflage would thereafter be commonly said to have come from Futurism, Cubism and Vorticism.

•••

Anon, THE SNOWSCAPE: Revelation of Modern Art Not Futurism, Cubism or Other Cosmic Urge, but Phase of Nature, reprinted from the New York Herald in St. Joseph News-Press on January 8, 1923—

The great revelation of modern art is not futurism, cubism, vorticism, or any other of the Freudian cosmic urges. Movements of that sort most always belong strictly to the self-elected heirs of an impredicable posterity.

The revelation of modern art is snow. From the brilliant palette of today a new mantle of pleasure has fallen upon the consciousness of cultivated perception lighter and more lovely than the past ever dreamed.

Snow to the Greeks and Romans was merely something cool to put in a beverage. Among the Italian primitives and through the Renaissance snow scarcely existed save on some background mountain top. Here and there a later Dutchman accepted it as a necessary adjunct to a winter genre. But for the most part art excluded it through a convention almost as rigid as that by which the Japanese printmakers ignored shadows.

The Japanese, of course, loved snow and filled their designs with It. But it was never more than spacing or applied white lead. And the snow blindness of Western art persisted far into the last century. Imagine a snow scene by Corot. Some men, perhaps, were attempting it, especially religious painters, who required it to chill their lost sheep, but only in the Christmas card kind of way until Sisley discovered that Paris streets became in winter an opalescent wonder.

And that is precisely the vital modern discovery—that snow is not white. Faint rose, azure, orchid, lavender, primrose, pearl, or any possible combination in the higher keys it may be, but blank white, never! The sky Itself is not more varied or richer in hue or texture. No one who has ever studied a Redfield, for example. or one of the Swedish, can continue to think of the winter landscape as a dull white sheet of other than a prismatic Persian carpet replete with glorious astonishments.

Modern art has excelled in this alone. Snow is probably the only phase of nature that is being painted better and more sympathetically today than ever before. And because the artist is an interpreter who walks only a few feet ahead of his generation thousands upon thousands of us will look from our windows this winter upon a shimmering rainbow tinted world our fathers never knew.

is that a woman shampooing her cornfield?—say what!

Marthe Troly-Curtin
, Phrynette's Letter from London, "River Reflections" in THE SKETCH, June 5, 1918, p. 276—

[I am reminded of] a little true yarn which of course is not apropos (oh, not at all!) but which may make you grin. It is a tale of one of yous, a pre-war painter, a famous one of the future. When war broke out he left his velvet coat for khaki, and went off whistling. He got wounded and was sent back home to a wife who objected to his pipe, and would tidy his studio and took unto herself the right to choose his models! He stood it for a little while, after which he tried to get back into the Army. The doctors, however, would not pass him for active service. A friend in authority advised him to apply for camouflage work, and obligingly took a few of his canvases to show the Red-Capped-One who Decideth one of the Futurist masterpieces.

"Humph, call that painting? What is it, anyway?"

"A woman shampooing her hair, Sir."

"Hair, is it? Looks more like a cornfield to me."

"Well, Sir, isn't that camouflage?"

And the Futurist one was fortunate, and is now camouflaging unflaggingly.

Friday, April 4, 2025

the camouflage of the backs of low-cut evening gowns

Above This news photograph was published in the Evening Journal (Wilmington DE), May 8, 1920, p. 1, shortly after the end of World War I, when camouflaged ships were still prominent in everyone’s mind. The headline read “CAMOUFLAGED” BACKS LATEST FAD.

[In Boston, the photo caption reads] Something had to be done when styles kept dropping dresses lowers and lower in the back. And it fell to Adolf Boulnois to solve the problem. Boulnois, who had learned art, “as she really is,” in many world’s fashion centers, is now painting ships, or some such, in the middle of fair backs—or bare backs. It’s the latest American fad.

Another article, in the Chico Record (May 11, 1920), which uses the same photograph, reads as follows—

The fad of painting decorations on milady’s back, which came into vogue with the arrival of backless waists, is growing. This picture shows that. At first the more daring maids had tiny mice or little rosebuds or military insignia painted on their shoulders. Recently Miss Marjorie Barnes, of the "Listen Lester” company in New York, engaged Adolf Boulnois, said to be the originator of the fad, to paint a ship under full sail on her back. One of the newest low-cut gowns designed for Miss Barnes gives her an opportunity to display the painting.

The artist was Adolf Henrick Boulnois, from Winthrop MA, who had been born in Germany on September 17, 1889.

RELATED LINKS    

Dazzle Camouflage: What is it and how did it work? /  Nature, Art, and Camouflage / Art, Women's Rights, and Camouflage /  Embedded Figures, Art, and Camouflage / Art, Gestalt, and Camouflage /  Optical science meets visual art /  Disruption versus dazzle / Chicanery and conspicuousness /  Under the big top at Sims' circus

the squad of daubers who applied camouflage patterns

Above I have no good explanation for this. It is a group photograph that appeared in the Evening Public Ledger-Philadelphia on August 21, 1918, p. 11, with the headline WHAT THE BOYS IN SHIPYARDS ARE DOING: The “Camouflage Club” of Hog Island. 

I haven’t the names of any of those in the photograph. I only know that they are “the squad of daubers who have been picked up to give the Quistconck, the first ship launched at the big [Hog Island] shipyard, her first coat of camouflage. See their paint pots and brushes then study their countenances and see if they aren’t fit to fool the Kaiser’s U-boats skippers.”

Who are they? I don’t recognize any of them. Are they Philadelphia-area civilian artists who have been hired to paint the ship? Presumably. But some might also simply be house painters.

Whatever, the end result of their efforts is pictured below, the dazzle-painted USS Quistconck.

RELATED LINKS    

Dazzle Camouflage: What is it and how did it work? /  Nature, Art, and Camouflage / Art, Women's Rights, and Camouflage /  Embedded Figures, Art, and Camouflage / Art, Gestalt, and Camouflage /  Optical science meets visual art /  Disruption versus dazzle / Chicanery and conspicuousness /  Under the big top at Sims' circus

Tuesday, February 18, 2025

camouflaged ham sandwich tastes as good as chicken

Above Dazzle-camouflaged USS Famlhaut, side views (1944).

•••

A young Ohio-born artist named Charles William Becker, Jr (1891-1978) served (if only briefly) as a US Army camoufleur near the end of World War I. He registered for the draft at age 26, at which time he was single, unemployed, and with “week eyes.” Until a month earlier, he had been an artist for several years on the staff of the Cincinnati Times-Star.

As reported in that newspaper on June 4, 1918, p. 2, in TIMES-STAR ARTIST NOW CAMOUFLEUR, he was stationed at Camp Taylor in Kentucky, as First Sergeant in the Camouflage Division. He is quoted in the newspaper as having said the following—

This training surely does camouflage a ham sandwich—it makes it taste as good as chicken. Never had such an appetite.

RELATED LINKS    

Dazzle Camouflage: What is it and how did it work? /  Nature, Art, and Camouflage / Art, Women's Rights, and Camouflage /  Embedded Figures, Art, and Camouflage / Art, Gestalt, and Camouflage /  Optical science meets visual art /  Disruption versus dazzle / Chicanery and conspicuousness /  Under the big top at Sims' circus

we paint fake cows and nail them on wooden frames

Above The founder of Futurism, Italian poet and editor Filippo Tommaso Emilio Marinetti (1876-1944), a fascist if ever there was one. As in: “We will glorify war—the world's only hygiene—militarism, patriotism, the destructive gesture of freedom-bringers, beautiful ideas worth dying for, and scorn for woman.” Below that is a notebook sketch he made of a dazzle-camouflaged ship.

•••

Margaret E. Sangster, “Camouflage” in Christian Herald, 1918—

“I’m in the Camouflage Division,” the rather new soldier told me proudly.

“Camouflage?” I repeated it after him in a questioning way. “Camouflage?” (That, of course, was before the word became nationally-known and popular.)

“Yes, camouflage,” the rather new soldier told me. “Most of the fellows in it are artists, and we have an awfully interesting time.”

“What.” I asked,"do you do?”

“Why,” the rather new soldier told me, “we disguise things to—to fool the enemy. For instance, we paint canvas cows and nail them on wood frames, and when they are placed in the field in front of a trench, anybody looking across the field would think that it was nothing but a peaceful bit of pasture. We paint the sides of ships. too, with long, quivering lines so that they will look like waves, and sometimes with great spots of vivid color so that, at a distance, they will be too indefinite for a submarine to shoot at. That’s camouflage!”

“Then,” I said, “it isn't a new idea, is it? How about the siege of Troy when they brought spies into a city concealed in a wooden horse? That was camouflage! How about the time, in Macbeth, when an army of men marched on a castle holding boughs before them so that they looked like a moving grove of trees? That was camouflage, too.”  

"Of course it was,” agreed the rather new soldier, “you're right—camouflage isn’t a new idea. It’s only the old idea of deception made into a fine art!”

• Okay, I admit to being puzzled at first. American writer Margaret Elizabeth Sangster (1938-1912) died in 1912. Camouflage was not formally introduced (by that name) until 1914, and this news article is dated 1918. What's wrong with this picture? Nothing, as it turns out. There was another Margaret E. Sangster, who was also a writer and the granddaughter of the earlier person—it was the granddaughter who wrote this article.

RELATED LINKS    

Dazzle Camouflage: What is it and how did it work? /  Nature, Art, and Camouflage / Art, Women's Rights, and Camouflage /  Embedded Figures, Art, and Camouflage / Art, Gestalt, and Camouflage /  Optical science meets visual art /  Disruption versus dazzle / Chicanery and conspicuousness /  Under the big top at Sims' circus

Friday, July 12, 2024

as outlandish as a cow / one horn black the other blue

USS Federal in dazzle camouflage scheme, 1918
Francis McCullagh, Control of Food Gives Soviet Power Over Its Followers, in Philadelphia Inquirer, November 14, 1920, p. 43—

Another friend, whom I made was a Bolshevik functionary, of what is called the political department, who dabbled in a multitude of things. I once heard him lecture in a theatre on an opera which was about to be produced before workmen who had never been to an opera before in their lives, his object being to make these workmen appreciate music and the acting. He also lectured on literature, organized theatricals in factories and military barracks, taught muzhiks to write, wrote himself in the newspapers and painted the whole front of a Bolshevik bookshop with mad daubs of every possible color.

This latter achievement he described as Futurism, but it seemed to me an attempt to epitomize on a surface twenty feet square all the camouflage schemes devised for merchant steamers during the war. The sturdy, old-fashioned house on which this atrocity was perpetrated looked as outlandish as a cow that had one horn painted black, and the other sky blue, the tail green and the body in irregular patches of half a dozen different colors. I expressed no surprise since my entry into Bolshevik Russia I had quite lost the capacity for wonder.

Tuesday, June 25, 2024

philosopher Monroe Beardsley / cubistic camouflage

decanter and goblet / Monroe Beardsley
Monroe C. Beardsley, Aesthetics: Problems in the Philosophy of Criticism. NY: Harcourt Brace and World, 1958, pp. 95-96—

A line that turns upon itself so that its ends are fused, and is therefore endless, defines a figure, or what is often called a form. It may be a continuous, unbroken, line-area— that is, an outline— or a circular row of dots, or a group of sketchy line-areas that fuse into a broken line and make a triangle, a pitcher-shape, or an elephant-shape. Consider, for a moment, a square, each of whose sides is a line-area. It does not matter much whether you call this outline a single line, or say that it consists of four lines, one for each side. If we speak in the latter way, we shall want to say that when two lines—as any two sides—fuse together in such a way that they both become parts of a single figure, then they “go with” each other. Line X goes with line Y when they are parts of the same figure.

To explore this concept a little further, we may consider the multiple relevance of lines—a phenomenon much exploited in modern nonrepresentational painting, but one that also throws light upon principles that have always been important in painting. Suppose we draw a large goblet bulging at the top, and a small decanter bulging at the bottom, in such a way that the same line-area serves as the right-hand side of the goblet and as the left-hand side of the decanter. This line belongs to two distinct figures at the same time, or, in other words, goes with two distinct sets of lines. It binds the two figures in a particularly intimate way, by guiding the eye from any point on the outline of either figure continuously to any point on the outline of the other. It is interesting to distinguish varying degrees of intimacy in the connection between two figures, depending upon the connections of their outlines. (1) The figures may be entirely separated as in Italian primitive painting. (2) There may be a broken line that goes from one to another, as in a painting by Rubens or El Greco, where the line of one figure’s leg or back will be picked up by the arm or side of another figure. (3) The same line may belong to both figures, as in the decanter-goblet example, or in paintings by Ozenfant, Gris, Braque, or Picasso in one period—see his Seated Woman (1927)…. (4) There may be strong lines that cut across both figures, throwing their actual outlines into the background, so that in fact the figures are actually submerged and tend to lose their character as figures. This is the principle of camouflage.

related observation by Gestaltist Fritz Heider

 

 

 

Monday, May 6, 2024

potpourri of colored angles, lines and geometric forms

Above World War I photograph of a dock in which, as seen in the background, an unknown ship in drydock is being repaired. Note its dazzle camouflage scheme.

•••

FUTURIST ART ON SHIPS in Oakland Tribune (Oakland CA) June 23, 1918—

At last the futurists have found themselves. Rather has the world found them.

Their theories and practice are adopted by the Navy Department to camouflage the ships that go down to the sea, as witness the good ship that rode in the harbor during the week, a potpourri of colored angles, lines and geometric forms that recall visions of that famous room at the Palace of Fine Arts during the [1915 Panama-Pacific International] Exposition—the “My God Room.” You remember it?
 
Dynamism—movement—is what the perpetrators of the pictures were striving for, movement as opposed to a static state.

And is not that the thing sought for by the Navy—a movement of objects that are disassociated with ships, to the consternation of the gunners who roam the sea?

Objects in movement multiply themselves, becoming deformed in pursuit of each other, like hurried vibrations. Thus does the law work out for the protection of the ships of the Allies, justifying the theories of Balla, Picasso, Picabia and the rest.

The stories of Courbet, and Manet, and Monet and Degas are fresh in mind—the contempt of the people; then their acceptance of the innovators, followed by their standardization, by which the rest of the world of art is measured. Such is the psychology of the mediocre.

Shall the war vindicate the theories of [Giacomo] Balla and his confrerés?

RELATED LINKS    

 Dazzle Camouflage: What is it and how did it work?

 Nature, Art, and Camouflage

 Art, Women's Rights, and Camouflage

 Embedded Figures, Art, and Camouflage

 Art, Gestalt, and Camouflage

 Optical science meets visual art

 Disruption versus dazzle

 Chicanery and conspicuousness

 Under the big top at Sims' circus

Friday, December 23, 2022

restaurant robbery and a camouflaged futurist coffin

Above Anon, cartoon from The Sketch (London), 1919.

•••

REDSKINS GET $1,000 LOOT. Brooklyn Gunmen Paint Faces Then Stage Holdup. East Liverpool Review. East Liverpool OH, July 16, 1928, p. 8—

NEW YORK, July I6—Chicago gun­men may claim the distinction of hav­ing first introduced the submachine gun into the hold-up “racket,” but to Brooklyn goes credit for the first use of camouflage by stick up men. Three bandits today entered a State Street restaurant with their faces dis­guised with paint used in a manner like that employed formerly only by Indians on the warpath. The paint was streaked over their faces in [a] weird pattern. The leader wore a heavy black hue under one eye, while the rest of his face was streaked a brilliant red. The proprietor and his staff were so astonished that the bandits es­caped with $1,000 in cash and jewelry before an alarm was raised. 

RELATED LINKS    

Dazzle Camouflage: What is it and how did it work? /  Nature, Art, and Camouflage / Art, Women's Rights, and Camouflage /  Embedded Figures, Art, and Camouflage / Art, Gestalt, and Camouflage /  Optical science meets visual art /  Disruption versus dazzle / Chicanery and conspicuousness /  Under the big top at Sims' circus

 

Monday, December 5, 2022

Camouflage Cartoons Archive online at ScholarWorks

Online Camouflage Cartoons Archive
How wonderful! I couldn’t be more pleased with the latest efforts of the ScholarWorks staff at the University of Northern Iowa’s Rod Library. For decades, while I was researching the subject of art and camouflage (both zoological and military), I also gradually built up a collection of camouflage-themed cartoons, especially those that date from before, during and after World War I. Because of concurrent events at the time, the cartoons sometimes also comment on the Armory Show, Women’s Suffrage, and Prohibition. The Rod Library has now posted this collection online as a Camouflage Cartoons Archive. My own particular favorites are those of Maurice Ketten.

Monday, October 17, 2022

a motley-looking crowd of the weirdest description

USS Wakulla (1918) in dazzle camouflage
Anon, CRUISE WITH A DESTROYER ESCORT in La gazette de Hollande, April 13, 1918—

We were in the harbor of a famous Southern port [in England] on board the leader of a destroyer flotilla ready to start on one of its ordinary cruises as escort to merchant convoys. It was a cold, bleak stormy day, with a cross sea running in the Channel. One after the other the members of the flotilla cast off from the buoys, and slipped silently seaward. In the outer harbor were the huge merchantmen we were to escort into the comparative safety of the broad Atlantic. They were a strange motley-looking crowd, with a camouflage appearance of the weirdest description, calculated to send Futurist artists into ecstasies. These weird-looking vessels followed the destroyers in single file out of harbor at slow speed until well out into the Channel. There they were formed up and made into as compact a crowd as possible. A destroyer in front and others on each flank constituted a protective screen. After we had got well out and had lined up our escort full speed ahead was ordered, but that was full speed for the convoy only. The destroyers were at about halfspeed, and this was partly expended in zigzagging. To and fro, without a moment’s respite, the leader proceeded in front of the convoy, always about 500 to 600 yards ahead, as though showing to timid followers that it was perfectly safe to follow where we led. On the flanks other destroyers kept up the same zigzag procedure, and astern yet another zigged and zagged and did her best to keep the rearmost ships up to the full convoy speed.

Wednesday, May 25, 2022

Krazy Kat, Worden Wood, and WWI Ship Camouflage

George Herriman (1904)
Of late I have been reading a book about the American cartoonist and comic artist George Herriman, best known as the author / illustrator of Krazy Kat. I recently received the book as a gift from a friend, former student and colleague, Wisconsin artist Craig Ede. The book, which was written by Michael Tisserand, is Krazy: George Herriman: A Life in Black and White (HarperCollins, 2016). It is wonderfully detailed and well-researched.

One of its illustrations is reproduced above. It’s a Herriman cartoon that appeared in the New York American on May 3, 1904. It’s an early example of a kind of visual stop-motion effect, which calls up memories of the photographic experiments of Étienne-Jules Marey and Eadweard Muybridge, as well as certain aspects of Italian Futurism, subjects that I’ve blogged about before.

I was surprised to learn about Herriman’s link to Arizona and the Navajo, and about his friendship with John and Louisa Wetherill, who were prominent trading post owners. There is a possibility that, through them, he may have been acquainted with my relatives, the Newcombs, who owned various trading posts on the Navajo reservation in New Mexico.

Also, I was not far into the book when I ran across the name of Worden Wood, a fellow cartoonist and associate of Herriman. I have earlier blogged about Wood, because he served as a ship camouflage designer during World War I. Earlier, he had been in the Naval Reserve during the Spanish-American War, and, following that, had participated in General John J. Pershing’s pursuit of Pancho Villa. He rejoined the Naval Reserve in 1917 and soon after was assigned to ship camouflage.

A search of vintage newspapers reveals that Wood was injured in a car accident in August 1916, when he ”undertook to dispute the right of way with a six cylinder car.” Later that month, while serving near El Paso, he rode his horse Cleopatra to town to buy a jar of raspberry jam. But the horse stumbled in the dark, and the jam jar shattered, leaving stains of red preserves on Wood’s uniform and hands. As a practical joke, when Wood arrived in camp that night, he acted as if he were wounded. The medic was called, and it was soon discovered that the blood was jam. 

Two months earlier, he had prevented a dog from being severely beaten by its owner, when he grabbed the owner’s cane and broke it into pieces. No doubt, his life was eventful.

Friday, January 29, 2021

measles, camouflage and asymmetrical shoes in 1918

SHOES DIFFER IN COLOR in the Davenport Democrat and Leader (Davenport IA), March 1, 1925, p. 3—

Futurism, cubism or some other art complex has descended upon French custom bootmakers, who insist that they set the styles in women’s shoes for the world. These bootmakers all are of one mind in turning out symmetrical footwear. The first models of this year styles were shown a few weeks ago. They seemed freakish, but the bootmakers have carried their original ideas further until now one side of a shoe is quite different, not only in design, but in color, from the other side. Humorists are speculating whether the makers will not soon decree that right and left shoes be entirely dissimilar.